Thursday, September 19, 2013

鼻敏感引發鼻竇炎

鼻敏感患者由於長期流鼻水和擤鼻涕,鼻竇和鼻腔間供鼻液流通的孔道會比常人狹窄;當患上感冒時,這些孔道會比平常更窄,結果感冒引起的鼻液(鼻水)就因為找不到宣泄的出口而堆積在副鼻腔中。含有大量細菌的鼻液一旦在鼻竇堆積,就會引發急性鼻竇炎。上述的男生就因為鼻竇發炎,令耳咽管的黏膜腫脹,一旦遇上氣壓改變就會引起劇痛。不過,急性鼻竇炎並不難治療,患者只需服用1-2星期鼻敏感藥及抗生素,再輔以噴鼻用的類固醇就可痊癒。





值得留意的是,慢性鼻竇炎患者也有年青化的趨勢。不少來求診的患者都是20多歲的年青人,成因和急性鼻竇炎一樣,是鼻敏感長期處理不善,令鼻內孔道長期腫脹,讓鼻液積聚誘發炎症而成。慢性鼻竇炎和急性鼻竇炎的病徵很相似,一般來說,如果鼻竇炎在6星期內不能痊癒的話,就會歸類為慢性鼻竇炎。




慢性鼻竇炎患者的鼻內孔道很多時都因為長期發炎腫脹而結痂,即使消炎和收鼻水後,孔道依然狹窄。要徹底治療,就要做手術來打通鼻竇與鼻腔間的自然孔洞,令鼻竇內的鼻黏膜回復正常。另外,如果患者本身的鼻敏感十分嚴重,亦需要以內窺鏡或電腦掃瞄觀察是否鼻結構出現問題,如是否有鼻中隔側移或出現瘜肉等問題,再對症下藥進行治療。

參考資料: www.entific.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Friday, September 13, 2013

什麼是面神經癱瘓?



面神經主司面部表情、淚腺與唾液腺之分泌及舌部之味覺。面神經其實就是第七對腦神經(腦神經共十二對),它的走向為離開大腦後,即進入顳骨之內聽道,並經中耳腔及乳突(以上均包埋在硬骨的管腔內),再由耳下方穿出顏面;因為顏面神經有一大段包埋在硬骨的管腔內,所以一旦受傷或感染所形成的腫脹,在壓力無法紓解下,將直接壓迫神經纖維之內軸。造成神經功能的障礙。

原因

面神經核上癱或面神經核下癱
約有八成是因為病毒感染所引起,最常見的急性單側面神經麻痺,我們可將它稱為特發性面神經麻痺或貝耳氏面神經麻痺(此症狀於1931年英國貝耳(Bell)醫師最早提出)。目前研究證實貝耳氏面神經麻痺與單純性庖疹病毒第一型有關,另外一種常見的病毒感染為帶狀庖疹病毒。

其他原因包括:
  • 創傷性:車禍外傷
  • 發炎性:急性中耳炎、慢性中耳炎合併膽脂瘤
  • 腫瘤:腦部或顱底腫瘤壓迫所引起
  • 先天性:Moebius綜合症

病徵

有些病人一覺醒來發現自己流涎無控制,半邊臉部麻木,無知覺,照鏡之下發現眼歪嘴斜,好像中風一樣。舌頭有時亦會麻痺,眼乾,口乾等。

其他:耳部附近也會有小水泡,並且異常疼痛。

參考資料: www.entific.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Thursday, September 5, 2013

What is functional septorhinoplasty surgery? (2)



The bony cartilaginous septum is intimately connected to the upper and middle third external nose structures, and loosely via strong suspensory ligaments, to the lower “mobile” third. This intimate relationship determines appearance and airflow through the nose. Hence a deformity of this internal framework structure can deviate the external nasal structure, and functionally cause a block nose.

The intimate relationship between the different structures of the upper, middle and lower nose, together with the internal nasal septum, is relevant. They all influence the function of the other; so surgery on one structure can dynamically affect the position of the other. Hence in some cases of a blocked nose, a septo-rhinoplasty surgery may be recommended in one surgical session to primarily improve function, and consequentially, appearance. A stronger septal “tent” and support would mean a less obstructed middle and lower third of the nose, as well as an improved projection and nasal profile.

Functional septo-rhinoplasty surgery can be performed under open or closed (endonasal) approaches. The optimal approach should be discussed with your surgeon.





Reference: www.entific.com.hk/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

What is functional septorhinoplasty surgery? (1)

Functional septo-rhinoplasty surgery is a “nose job” undertaken primarily to improve the function of the nose i.e. breathing through the nose. It is not a cosmetic nose job, which only enhances the aesthetics of the nose. However, it does realign the deviated / collapsed nasal structures whilst projecting them for an improved airway, and does result in a more aesthetically pleasing nose. In addition, the improved nasal airway improves sleep quality and sometimes snoring and adds a real life meaning to the cliché term “ beauty sleep “.

The structure of the nose consists of bony and cartilaginous elements. These form the upper, middle and lower nose as most people see on a person’s face. The internal nasal structure is however not visible. This consists of a midline strong bony cartilaginous septum which “tents” the outside nose, giving it projection, height and therefore also its aesthetic form. The nasal framework’s function is to tent and project the nose, and maintaining an air passage so that the nose remains open for air to pass through, during sleep and active exertion.
Bony and cartilaginous framework of the nose
Deviated internal nasal septum





















Reference: www.entific.com.hk/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

Thursday, August 22, 2013

睡眠窒息症的診斷方法

耳鼻喉專科醫生會據患者的情況,安排患者入院作睡眠測試,病人需留院一晚,通過睡眠記錄分析儀,醫生能準確知道患者睡著時的生理狀態,包括腦電波、眼球轉動、呼吸心跳、胸腹起伏、鼻鼾障量、睡姿轉換、手腳活動、血液含氧量及肌電圖等等,經過分析後,便能診斷是否患有睡眠窒息症。

耳鼻喉專科醫生亦會進一步為患者作睡眠咽喉內視鏡 (Induced Sleep Nasoendoscopy) 檢查,患者會被注射適量的安眠藥物,然後再以內視鏡觀察患者睡著時,咽喉組織的活動狀況,以斷定阻塞之部位,從而作出適當的治療安排。


睡眠窒息症的治療方法


甲、減肥
臨床數據證實超過七成 (70%) 病患者能以減肥、睡前不飲洒、不用安眠藥等方法有效地減輕徵狀。

乙、使用氣壓機
耳鼻喉專科醫生會根據患者的病情,安排及調敷氣壓機的使用。其原理是利用氣壓機所提供的正氣壓,於患者睡覺時,有頻率地將空氣打通咽喉部份造成阻塞的組織,使空氣能暢順地被吸進內,防至窒息現象。大多數病患者都稱使用氣壓機後的效果十分顯著,患者的精神狀態都得到很大的改善,睡醒後有煥然一新的感覺。

丙、手術
如引致睡眠阻塞之部份能夠確定,少數病人能用外科手術,除去咽喉部份多餘而造成阻塞的組織,使病狀得以減輕或消除。


參考資料: www.entific.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

    

Saturday, August 17, 2013

鼻鼾警號 (下)

開通鼻道重建下巴
「雖然每晚戴氧氣機入睡,可以解決缺氧情況,但只是治標,而且高壓壓入氧氣時,有可能令我覺得頭痛,加上意外打歪的鼻骨,反正要做手術移正,所以我決定以手術解決全部問題。」Carl一共需要作兩個手術,一個是修復彎曲鼻中隔及縮細下鼻甲組織﹑解除鼻塞以打通鼻道。二是移出下顎解決舌頭阻塞咽喉的問題。讓空氣能從鼻腔直驅氣管,最終解決睡眠窒息帶來的鼻塞﹑鼻鼾﹑口乾﹑痱滋﹑疲倦問題。

手術後,Carl整個輪廓出現大大改變,加上打通鼻道,令大量氧氣進入後,他不消幾個月,只靠正常運動量,體重很快就下降,人亦變得精神。




鼻鼾因呼吸道有阻礙物
人的正常呼吸流程,是空氣經由鼻中隔分開的兩個鼻孔進入後,經過鼻腔﹑咽喉﹑懸壅垂(吊鐘)﹑扁桃腺﹑會厭,最後落到氣管,當通道出現障礙物時,就會干擾當中的氣流,因而發出鼻鼾聲。

耳鼻喉專科醫生蘇明順解釋:「呼吸道上的障礙物可以來自鼻腔鼻瘜肉﹑傷風感冒﹑鼻敏感而導致的鼻塞;鼻中隔彎曲﹑下鼻甲腫脹誘發的鼻腔通道收窄;懸壅垂(吊鐘)過長﹑扁桃腺與會厭腫脹,導致堵塞咽喉;下顎過短﹑舌頭肥厚,躺下時同樣容易堵塞着咽喉等。」天生結構問題﹑疲倦而令組織放鬆﹑衰老而出現鬆弛﹑後天肥胖,特別是頸部過多脂肪而壓迫着喉嚨等等,都是呼吸道出現障礙物的原因。



警示睡眠窒息症
嚴重的鼻鼾聲,其實是警剔患者尋找呼吸道受阻原因的「警鐘」。因為障礙物好可能已造成「阻塞性睡眠窒息症 (Obstructive Apnea, OSA)」。「睡睡眠窒息症患者,睡着時會出現持續十秒至數分鐘的呼吸停止情況,隨後呼吸會恢復正常,整晚可以重複發生十多次,甚至幾十次。」蘇醫生說,患者身體因此而缺氧,導致睡眠質素差﹑經常紮醒﹑夜尿頻繁﹑白天易疲倦及渴睡﹑常打瞌睡﹑早上頭痛﹑記憶力差﹑脾氣暴躁,即使勤做運動都難減肥等症狀。



睡眠窒息症種類
阻塞性:整個呼吸道出現障礙,例如組織腫脹﹑增生或鬆弛,導致呼吸道上流通的空氣受阻,使懸壅垂(吊鐘)前後的空氣氣壓不均,故發出鼻鼾聲,或間歇出現呼吸停止﹑缺氧﹑疲倦﹑以及會有鼻塞等徵狀。

中樞性:問題在於腦部的中樞神經,未能把呼吸訊息傳遞至相關器官,因此令睡眠時出現間歇性停止呼吸情況。
混合性:同時具備阻塞性及中樞性問題。



資料來源 : City Gossip, 蘇明順醫生  耳鼻喉專科醫生


以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

      

Saturday, August 10, 2013

鼻鼾警號 (上)





鼻鼾,不是小事!

試想,當你好夢正濃,卻被枕邊人的鼻鼾聲吵醒,不但酣睡被破壞,最憤怒是在持續不斷的轟隆雷聲中再難入睡,脾氣再好的人,都想一拳窩下去洩憤,更望能制止其鼻鼾聲,好讓甜夢繼續。
雖然很多人都會打鼻鼾,但奈何未到惡劣程度,絕少人會正視。即使伴侶投訴多年,打鼻鼾者都不會尋醫解救,除非「幸運」地遇上意外,可能才有機會發現,好像30歲的Carl,正因打波撞歪鼻骨才知道自己打鼻鼾,原來是睡眠窒息症的警號。


八成時間用口呼吸
「呼吸」雖說是天生本能,毋須學習,但不代表每人都能呼吸「暢順」。任職消防員的Carl,26歲前每日有八成時間,都只靠耙口呼吸。「不是因為打籃球撞歪鼻骨入院,怕且永遠不知自己不會用鼻吸氣。」Carl回憶幾年前的意外,鼻骨撞擊後並無即時求診,可能因為習慣用口呼吸,完全沒有察覺撞歪的鼻道已腫脹堵塞着,返家後太太發現鼻骨明顯變壞,才被催促看醫生。

醫生臨床檢查下,發現你的鼻中隔因意外而彎曲,導致鼻腔組織腫脹致鼻塞。再觀其樣貌,察覺他的下巴較常人短,很大機會舌頭都較常人短,估計睡覺時容易塞在咽喉阻空氣流通。再加上問診時發現他有鼻鼾﹑口乾﹑睡眠差﹑易疲倦的情況,因此懷疑他有睡眠窒息問題。


結構問題阻空氣出入
經過睡眠測試果然證實估計無誤,Carl的確有較嚴重的睡眠窒息症。這亦正正解釋了為何他不論睡上多少個小時,睡眠質素都不理想。以及為何做體能消耗大的消防員,又經常做運動,但身材總有點「小肥」,全因長期缺氧所致。

進一步作鼻腔內窺鏡檢查後,醫生還發現Carl的下鼻甲組織天生腫脹引致鼻塞,需要張嘴呼吸解決鼻塞問題,因而誘發口乾,以及嘴巴內的黏膜容易生痱滋的連環結果。

「上下都塞,所以我更加需要張開口來呼吸,終於解釋到為何我的鼻鼾那麼嚴重。」雖然枕邊人經常投訴鼻鼾聲如雷,但兩人從未想過這正正就是睡眠窒息的警號。


(續)



資料來源 : City Gossip, 蘇明順醫生  耳鼻喉專科醫生


以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。




Monday, July 29, 2013

垢多誤採耳驚變弱聽

十多年來的弱聽竟可復元?弱聽也能痊瘉?所指的是傳導性弱聽。這個真實個案是因錯誤採耳,把耳垢愈推愈入,令耳道受堵塞引致聽力下降,經醫生清潔耳道後,聽力自然恢復。不過,常言毋須清除耳垢,以免傷及耳道,究竟怎樣做才正確?
 

林先生現年二十四歲,約七、八歲時進行身體檢查,醫護人員指其左耳的聽覺較一般人為弱,可能受先天因素影響,於是他便認定自己是弱聽患者。一直以來,他亦有用棉花棒清潔耳朵的習慣。「我覺得最近兩、三年,聽力變得愈來愈弱,日常生活上也受到困擾,例如開會、工作時難以聽到同事說話,也試過於地鐵櫃位向工作人員購票增值時,隔着玻璃要靠對方口形辨識語句,或甚至在咀嚼時,完全聽不到同桌人的說話。前陣子再做聽力測試,醫生為我做了『頭骨震動』測試,發現聽覺神經沒問題,於是為我檢查耳道。醫生指我的弱聽是由於耳垢太多而造成,但我一直有定期用棉花棒清潔耳朵的習慣,醫生告訴我,正正是這個原因,把耳垢愈推愈深、愈積愈多。之後醫生為我清除了耳垢,感覺上聽力像強了十倍,現時弱聽已經完全康復。」



引致傳導性弱聽

  耳鼻喉專科醫生指,林先生這病例頗為常見。一般來說,弱聽分為兩種,一為「傳導性弱聽」, 另一是「神經性弱聽」 ,因耳垢而造成的弱聽屬於前者。何謂傳導性弱聽?耳朵主要分外耳、中耳及內耳三個部分,互相連接經過聽神經至大腦,構成人類的聽覺系統。聲音由外耳耳殼進入外耳道後,震動耳膜及中耳腔內三塊聽小骨,最後傳入內耳。內耳包括聽覺神經細胞、神經 及身體平衡神經組織。凡是因外耳及中耳出現問題,即聲音傳導受阻,如涉及內耳而與神經有關,即屬神經性弱聽。耳垢因積聚於外耳道,阻礙聲音傳送,所以屬於傳導性弱聽。檢驗傳導性或神經性弱聽,可通過空氣傳導和頭骨傳導兩種方法,進行純音頻率測試作檢定,若頭骨傳導聽力較空氣傳導聽力為強,即屬傳導性弱聽;要是兩者同等下降,即是神經性弱聽。白醫生指患傳導性弱聽人士,大部分都是因耳垢阻塞所致。



棉花棒愈推愈入
  林先生的情況由七、八歲開始,到二十四歲才發現真正原因,時間較長,但白醫生指這亦不足為奇。原因是一般來說耳垢不會影響聽力,患者未必察覺。耳垢是耳道內的分泌物,內含油脂與防菌酵素,能保護耳道皮膚。耳垢分泌腺集中在耳道入口附近,常積聚於耳道外圍。正常情況下,耳垢隨身體新陳代謝、又或者藉說話、咀嚼時的動作推送出來,不會輕易積聚在外耳道內。不過,由於林先生經常用棉花棒清潔耳垢,弄巧反拙地,將耳垢愈推愈入,經多年後耳垢積壓,阻塞耳道,令聲音傳導失效。

  由於耳垢積聚徵狀並不明顯,患者或長久以來適應了聽覺差的感覺,直至幾年至十幾年弱聽變得更嚴重時才發現。正常人能聽得清楚約十分貝的聲音,但假如患者約需要三十至四十分貝才開始聽到,便屬於輕度至中度弱聽,屆時亦會對日常生活造成影響,要於清除耳垢後聽力才可恢復。耳垢積聚過多或會引起其他問題:若皮膚屬油性,有較大機會造成慢性外耳道發炎,又或者入水後容易被細菌感染導致皮膚發炎,嚴重可致骨枯現象。如出現此情況,患者在清除耳垢後,要再經藥物治療,聽覺才會完全恢復。

  另外,白醫生再三提醒大家日常千萬別採耳,更加不要進行耳燭,因很易傷害耳道或耳膜,洗頭或游泳而令水入耳後,切勿用棉花棒採耳,應以毛巾吸乾水分,讓耳垢自然排出即可。另外,如弱聽來得非常突然,而非逐漸形成,有可能是突發性神經耳聾,應盡快求醫,以免病情加劇而導致永久影響聽力。



耳垢過多不適徵狀

  •早上起牀時感覺聽力特別差,過後又會回復平日的聽力。
  •游水或洗頭後,水浸入外耳道,耳垢吸水後膨脹致堵塞耳道,患者可能突然覺得聽力減弱,並出現耳痛或耳鳴,待乾爽後才回復正常。
  •通常為單一耳朵聽力有問題,較少為兩耳同時出現問題。
  •感覺聽力持續地差,而且愈來愈弱。
  






使用軟化劑

  醫生一般會為患者先以耳窺鏡檢查耳道,如發現是耳垢所致,專科醫生就會為病人以真空吸管吸走耳垢,若是普通科,或會用溫水將耳垢沖走。如較難處理,可用耳垢軟化劑幫手。軟化劑屬鹼性能將耳垢軟化,但白醫生提醒滴後千萬不要用耳挖來採耳,以免將耳垢推入或挖傷耳膜,讓耳垢自然排出即可。至於橄欖油,白醫生認為作用不大,使用軟化劑更為見效。

  1. 先清潔雙手,用藥棉清潔外耳。
  2. 把藥瓶握於手中數分鐘,使耳垢軟化劑接近體溫。
  3. 側臥在 上,將需要治療的耳朵向上。
  4. 將耳朵輕輕地向上及向後拉,將耳道拉直,按醫生指定的分量(約三至四滴),
                將耳垢軟化劑滴進耳道。
  5. 滴藥後將耳道入口的三角形軟骨按下,然後輕輕按摩約兩分鐘,
                再用毛巾按 耳朵然後慢慢起身。


  ■耳垢軟化劑一般可由醫生處方,或藥房有售。
  ■如小孩常嚷着游水後耳仔痛,有可能是耳垢太多之故。
  ■耳燭能否排毒,暫無科學根據。
  ■傳導性失聰患者,即使只為一塊玻璃之隔,已足以影響其聽力。
  ■耳朵分為外耳、中耳及內耳三個主要部分。
  ■弱聽檢查可通過空氣傳導和頭骨傳導兩種方法,進行純音頻率測試。







新聞來源:the-sun.on.cc/
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Monday, July 22, 2013

What is a rhinoplasty?






Rhinoplasty is an operation to improve both shape and function of your nose. The goal of the procedure is to make you happy with the way you can breathe through your nose and to make your nose look more pleasing and less conspicuous.

Should I, Should I not?
If you are unhappy about the shape or function of your nose, you may choose a surgeon from [link find a surgeon] for a consultation. The following points may help you to feel better prepared.

Is Rhinoplasty an operation to be afraid of?
No, life-threatening complications almost never occurr during a rhinoplasty. Surprisingly, in most patients a rhinoplasty causes very little pain after the operation. Of course you should be prepared for more or less swelling around the eyes for up to a week or so and breathing may not be optimal during this time. These inconveniences largely depend on the way your body reacts to the procedure and of course on the technique used by the surgeon and his or her skill. However, rhinoplasty is considered to be the most difficult of all plastic operations in the face and the risk of a result that is less than ideal is therefore higher than with other procedures.

How do I find the best surgeon?
An excellent result in a happy patient of course speaks for a good surgeon and you may rely on word of mouth advertisement. In addition, you should discuss your wishes in great detail and expicitely ask the surgeon about the chances of precisely obtaining the desired outcome. Don’t hesitate to ask how often the surgeon finds another operation necessary to obtain a satisfying result and what the conditions would be, should the need for a second procedure arise.

Remember that you may not require the most experienced surgeon if a simple procedure will satisfy your needs. Also note that even the most outstanding expert may have to redo an operation now and then. You will have found the right surgeon, if all your questions have been answered in a pleasant atmosphere of mutual understanding, if the surgeon precisely knows what you expect and you are well informed about the chances of getting the result you want.


It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your ENT specialist for diagnosis and treatment.
Reference information: www.eafps.org

Tuesday, July 16, 2013

Hearing aids

Reference information: www.entific.com.hk


Hearing aids are often the first consideration for patients with hearing disabilities. These aids can be similarly considered like glasses for visual problems. They do not require surgery and the advanced technology is relatively inexpensive. Patients can used them when they want and remove them as necessary.

There are many different types of Hearing aids available. They vary in size, quality, performance and therefore, price. Hearing aids should always be tailored to the different needs and hearing disability of the user. Hearing aids are however, not without their own problems. Patients may well find them uncomfortable or conspicuous to wear. This perhaps more so if the benefit offered is insufficient to meet the patients’ expectation and needs.

Conventional Hearing aids require a sound leak proof occlusion of the ear canal by the ear mold in order to work well. Patients may find the fitting ear mold a little uncomfortable to use. Also, slight movement could alter its position easily and this can create feedback whistling sound, when the amplified sound leaks out of the ear canal, and re-enters the microphone of the same hearing device. This is similar to the whining feedback during karaoke sessions when the sound is picked up by the same microphone in a reverberating circuit.

When properly prescribed and fitted, conventional Hearing aids are a good option to rehabilitate most hearing problems.






Reference information: www.entific.com.hk

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.